Applied sciences

Archives of Acoustics

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Archives of Acoustics | Online first

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Abstract

To prevent important items from being replaced by a forgery, an ultrasonic fingerprint identification algorithm is proposed and an identification program is developed. A virtual prototype for the ultrasonic identification of ceramics is developed based on an ultrasonic detection card. This virtual prototype allows for the simultaneous transmission and acquisition of signals. Numerous experimental tests were conducted using this virtual prototype. The results demonstrate that the virtual prototype achieves accurate identification of ceramics. This virtual prototype lays a good foundation for the development of intelligent, automated, integrated, and miniaturized ultrasonic identification systems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yu Liu
1
Xiping He
1
Shengping He
2

  1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonic, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
  2. High-Tech. Institute, Sichuan, Luzhou, China
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Abstract

Features of nonlinear phenomena and, in particular, acoustic excitation of the entropy and relaxation modes in a liquid electrolyte with a chemical reaction are examined. The total range of frequencies of an exciter is considered, and the instantaneous dynamic equations are derived which govern perturbations in the secondary modes. The instantaneous leading-order acoustic forces of the secondary modes are evaluated. Examples of harmonic and nearly harmonic acoustic exciter are considered in detail. The difference in the nonlinear acoustic phenomena in an electrolyte and gases with relaxation mechanisms are specified and discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Perelomova
1

  1. Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

Fidgety speech emotion has important research value, and many deep learning models have played a good role in feature modeling in recent years. In this paper, the problem of practical speech emotion is studied, and the improvement is made on fidgety-type emotion using a novel neural network model. First, we construct a large number of phonological features for modeling emotions. Second, the differences in fidgety speech between various groups of people were studied. Through the distribution of features, the individual features of fidgety emotion were studied. Third, we propose a fine-grained emotion classification method, which analyzes the subtle differences between emotional categories through Siamese neural networks. We propose to use multi-scale residual blocks within the network architecture, and alleviate the vanishing gradient problem. This allows the network to learn more meaningful representations of fidgety speech signal. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method can provide the versatility of modeling, and that fidgety emotion is well identified. It has great research value in practical applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jiu Sun
1
Jinxin Zhu
1
Jun Shao
1

  1. School of Information Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract

In order to research the acoustic emission characteristics of polypropylene fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial load, 20 groups of test specimens with a coarse aggregate substitution rate of 25 % and 50 % are designed and fabricated to conduct the acoustic emission test under uniaxial compression, and the evolution laws of the acoustic emission b-value, the cracking modes and the acoustic emission RA-AF moving averages with time are studied. The laws of influence of the coarse aggregate substitution rate and coarse-fine polypropylene fiber on the acoustic emission b-value of RAC are discussed. The K-means clustering method is adopted for two-dimensional clustering analysis of the shear cracking and tensile cracking, and then the SVM is used to obtain the boundary between the two types of clusters. The time distribution laws of shear cracking and tensile cracking of the polypropylene fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete are analyzed. The changes in the moving averages of RA and AF of RAC test specimens with time are studied, and the research indicates that as the RA value decreases, the shear cracking gradually reduces and the tensile cracking gradually increases and dominates.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daowen Zhou
1 2
Xin Yang
1 2 3
Yu Tang
1 2
Yutao Miao
4

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou, China
  2. Key Laboratory of Underground Engineering, Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou, China
  3. School of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou, China
  4. Chengtong Branch, China Railway Second Group Co., Ltd.Chengdu, China
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Abstract

The complexity of bistatic echo pulse sequences surpasses that of monostatic echo pulse sequences. Based on the scattering acoustic field of elastic spheres and spherical shells, a method is employed to calculate the time-domain echoes of solid spheres and spherical shells with transceiver separation under the condition of plane wave incidence. This is achieved by constructing the incident signal and performing a multiplication operation in the frequency domain with the target scattering acoustic field. Employing the contour integral method, we derive phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curves for circumferential waves propagating around these structures. Furthermore, under the assumption of plane wave incidence, we analyze the propagation paths of Rayleigh echoes for solid spheres and anti-symmetric Lamb waves for spherical shells. Estimation formulas for the arrival times of separated transmit-receive echoes are provided for both solid spheres and spherical shells. Our findings indicate that bistatic waves can be classified into clockwise and counterclockwise circulation patterns around the surfaces of these structures. Through a comparison with the time-angle spectrum of echoes, we demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed estimation formulas for echo arrival times. This study offers valuable insights for the identification of underwater targets.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhongkai Wang
1
Zilong Peng
1
Fulin Zhou
2
Liwen Tan
1

  1. School of Energy and PowerJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centerfor Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea ExplorationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of preliminary research aimed at developing a method for rapid, noncontact diagnostics of the electric drive of car seats. The method is based on the analysis of acoustic signals produced during the operation of the drive. Pattern recognition and machine learning processes were used in the diagnosis. A method of feature extraction (diagnostic symptoms) using wavelet decomposition of acoustic signals was developed. The discriminative properties of a set of diagnostic symptoms were tested using the “Classification Learner” application available in MATLAB. The obtained results confirmed the usefulness of the developed method for the technical diagnostics of car seats.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cezary Bartmanski
1
Alicja Bramorska
1

  1. Department of Acoustics, Electronics and IT Solutions Central Mining Institute National Research Institute Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the potential for the use of sonic crystals as noise barriers. The frequencies with the highest attenuation can be determined by assuming that an integer number of half wavelengths fits the distance between the scatterers. However, this approach limits the usefulness of sonic crystals as a viable noise barrier technology, as it necessitates a significant increase in the overall crystal size to cover a broader frequency range for noise reduction. Based on developed theoretical models, geometrical assumptions were made for the physical models of the acoustic barrier in terms of the materials used and the dimensions of structural elements. Three physical models were developed to verify the design intent. The method involved measuring the transmission loss (TL) and insertion loss (IL) of the sonic crystal structure and comparing these results with theoretical models. The aim of this work was to perform free-field measurements on a real-sized sample in order to verify the strengths and weaknesses of applying layered structures of sonic crystals based on calculations and measurements. The results of the conducted measurements showed satisfactory noise reduction by the developed physical models for key components of the analysed spectrum. It was also demonstrated that layered structures of sonic crystals can achieve greater noise reduction (up to 3.5 dB) and a wider frequency range of attenuation (up to the range of 2000 Hz–5000 Hz) compared to single-layer structures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Radosz
1

  1. Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research InstituteWarsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This study evaluated the combined sensitivity analysis of several room acoustic descriptors: reverberation time (T30), center time (Ts), early decay time (EDT), definition (D50), clarity (C50), useful-to-detrimental sound ratio (U50), and speech transmission index (STI); and also it assessed how these descriptors responded jointly to different acoustic-structural factors. The first-order factors were background noise (A), acoustic ceiling tile sound absorption coefficient (B), confinement (C), and occupancy (D), along with their interaction effects. A novel method is proposed for this joint evaluation of sensitivity factors. This method involves in situ measurements and an unreplicated 24 factorial design, which has been validated by ODEON software. The significance of input factors is determined using artificial neural networks (ANN) and the modified profile method (MPM), validated by multiple linear regression (MLR). Three significant correlation groups are identified at p < 0:05: group 1 (EDT, T30, Ts), group 2 (C50, D50), and group 3 (U50, STI). The ceiling material sound absorption (B) is found to affect reverberation (groups 1 and 2), while background noise (A) impacts STI and U50. A weak correlation is found between D50 and STI. These results are confirmed by the MLR and MPM methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eriberto Oliveira Do Nascimento
1
Paulo Henrique Trombetta Zannin
1

  1. Laboratory of Environmental and Industrial Acoustics and Acoustic Comfort Federal University of Paraná – UFPR Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Abstract

Mismatch negativity (MMN) essentially reflects auditory change detection. Although auditory change detection can potentially be assessed through behavioral auditory testing methods, the increased reliability of objective methods, such as MMN, makes them more valuable. The aim of this study was to detect and compare the intensity just noticeable difference using the MMN and a behavioral method. The level at which the intensity difference between the frequent stimulus and the infrequent stimulus was the lowest and the MMN wave elicited was accepted as the MMN threshold. A total of 60 subjects, 30 females (mean age 21.70, SD = 1.91 years) and 30 males (mean age 22.77, SD = 3.01), aged 20–30 years, were included in the study. In the whole sample, a significant difference was found between MMN thresholds obtained from the right ear side and MMN thresholds obtained from the left ear side, regardless of sex (p < 0:05). In the comparison of the values obtained using the behavioral method and MMN, no significant difference was found for either the right or the left side in both sexes (p > 0:05). The results showed that the values determined by the behavioral method and MMN on both the right and left ear sides were similar in both sexes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Busemnaz Avsar Aksu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Didem Sahin Ceylan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Gökçe Gültekin
2 3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University Istanbul, Turkey
  2. Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University Istanbul, Turkey
  3. Department of Audiology, Language and Speech Disorders, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract

Vehicle engine vibration signals acquired using MEMS sensors are crucial in the diagnosis of engine malfunctions, notably misfires due to unwanted signals and external noises in the recorded vibration dataset. In this study, the ADXL1002 accelerometer interfaced with the Beaglebone Black microcontroller is employed to capture vibration signals emitted by the vehicle engine across various operational states, including unloaded, loaded, and misfire conditions at 1500 RPMs, 2500 RPMs, and 3000 RPMs. In conjunction with the acquisition of this raw vibration data, frequency-domain signal processing techniques are employed to meticulously analyze and diagnose the distinct signatures of misfire occurrences across various engine speeds and loads. These techniques encompass the fast Fourier transform (FFT), envelope spectrum (ES), and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), each tailored to discern and characterize the nuanced vibration patterns associated with misfire events at different operational conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Ahsan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Bismor
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Fabis
2

  1. Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of TechnologyGliwice, Poland
  2. Faculty of Transport and Aeronautical Engineering, Department of Road Transport Silesian University of Technology Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

It has been shown that within the range of acoustic pressures used in ultrasound imaging, waveforms are distorted during propagation in tissue due to the physically nonlinear behavior of the tissue. This distortion leads to changes in the spectrum of the received ultrasound echoes, causing the transfer of signal energy from the fundamental frequency to higher harmonics. Interestingly, adipose tissue exhibits up to 50 % stronger nonlinear behavior compared to other soft tissues. The tissue nonlinearity parameter B/A is typically measured ex vivo using an ultrasound method in transmission mode, which requires extensive receiving systems. Currently, there is no improved ultrasound method for measuring the B/A nonlinearity parameter in vivo, which could be used in assessing the degree of fatty liver disease. We propose a new, simple approach to estimating nonlinear tissue properties. The proposed method involves transmitting ultrasound waves at significantly different acoustic pressures, recording echoes only in the fundamental frequency band at various depths, and introducing a nonlinearity index (NLI) based on specific echo amplitude ratios. The NLI at a given depth is calculated using the ratio of two dimensionless parameters. The first parameter is a predetermined constant obtained by dividing the total echo values from transmitting a signal at higher sound pressure by those from a signal at lower sound pressure, summed over a small tissue sample volume located near the transducer. The second parameter is calculated at a fixed distance from the transducer, determined by dividing the total echo values from transmitting a signal at higher sound pressure by those from a signal at lower pressure, summed over a small tissue volume of the tissue at that distance from the transducer. The reliability of the proposed measurements for assessing tissue nonlinearity has been substantiated through experimental confirmation of the existing correlations between the values of NLI and B/A in water, sunflower oil, and animal liver tissue samples with oil-enriched regions. The NLI was more than 15 % higher in sunflower oil than in water. The NLI in bovine liver sample below the area with injected oil (mimicking “steatosis”) was more than 35 % higher than in regions without oil. This method represents a promising modality for the nonlinear characterization of tissue regions in vivo, particularly for diagnosing fatty liver disease.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Nowicki
1
Jurij Tasinkiewicz
1
Piotr Karwat
1
Ihor Trots
1
Norbert Zołek
1
Ryszard Tymkiewicz
1

  1. Department of Ultrasound Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland

Instructions for authors

Author Guidelines
• Manuscripts intended for publication in Archives of Acoustics should be submitted in pdf format by an on-line procedure.
• Manuscript should be original, and should not be submitted either previously or simultaneously elsewhere, neither in whole, nor in part.
• Submitted papers must be written in good English and proofread by a native speaker.
• Basically, the papers should not exceed 40 000 typographic signs.
• Postal addresses, affiliations and email addresses for each author are required.
• Detailed information see Article Requirements.
• Manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter containing the information:
o why the paper is submitted to ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS,
o suggestion on the field of acoustics related to the topic of the submitted paper,
o the statement that the manuscript is original, the submission has not been previously published, nor was sent to another journal for consideration,
o 3–5 names of suggested reviewers together with their affiliations, full postal and e-mail addresses; at least 3 suggested reviewers should be affiliated with other scientific institutions than the affiliations of the authors,
o author’s suggestion to classification of the paper as the research paper, review paper or technical note.

Article Requirements
1. At submission time only a PDF file is required. After acceptance, authors must submit all source material (see information about Figures). Authors can use their preferred manuscript-preparation software. The journal itself is produced in LaTeX, so accepted articles will be converted to LaTeX at production time.
2. The title of the paper should be as short as possible.
3. Full names and surnames should be given.
4. The full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name should be provided. Affiliations should contain the full postal address, as well as an e-mail address of one author designated as corresponding author.
5. The text should be preceded by a concise abstract (less than 200 words).
6. Keywords should be given.
7. The formulae to be numbered are those referred to in the paper, as well as the final formulae.
8. All notations should be written very distinctly.
9. References in the text (author(s) and year of publication) are to be cited between parentheses.
Items appearing in the reference list should be complete, including surname and the initials of the first name of the author, the full title of the paper/book in English followed by the information on the original paper language. In case of a book, the publisher's name, the place and year of publication should be given. In case of a periodical, the full title of the periodical, consecutive volume number, current issue number, pages, and year of publication should be given. All references in the bibliography should be cited in the text, and arranged in alphabetical order by authors' last name.
For more information on references see http://acoustics.ippt.gov.pl/public/Instructions.pdf.
10. Figures must be of publication quality. Each figure should be saved in separate file and captioned and numbered so that it can float. After acceptance, Authors will need to submit the original source files for all photos, diagrams and graphs in manuscript.
For diagrams and graphs vector EPS or vector PDF files are the most useful. Make sure that what you're saving is vector graphics and not a bitmap. Please also include the original data for any plots. This is particularly important if you are unable to save Excel-generated plots in vector format. Saving them as bitmaps is not useful; please send the Excel (.xls) spreadsheets instead.
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